Travel Guide to Plaza de Armas of Cusco

Welcome to the Plaza de Armas of Cusco, the vibrant heart of this historic city. Rich in history and culture, this square offers a fascinating glimpse into Cusco's past and present. Ancient Inca traditions blend seamlessly with Spanish colonial influences, creating a unique and captivating atmosphere for visitors.

The Plaza de Armas was originally known as Huacaypata or Aucaypata in Quechua, meaning "place of weeping" or "place of the warrior." These names reflect the square’s importance during the Inca period, when it served as the central hub for ceremonies and gatherings.

Location

Located in the heart of Cusco, the Plaza de Armas sits at approximately 13.5150° S latitude and 71.9789° W longitude, with an altitude of about 3,400 meters (11,150 feet) above sea level. This central location makes it the ideal starting point for exploring the city. It is surrounded by historic buildings, restaurants, and shops. The plaza is easily accessible by foot, taxi, or public transportation from various parts of the c

Best time to arrive in Cusco

Cusco experiences a high-altitude climate with two main seasons: the dry season (April to October) and the wet season (November to March). Daytime temperatures are generally mild, ranging from 15°C to 20°C (59°F to 68°F), but it can get quite cold at night, often dropping below 5°C (41°F). The high altitude also means that the sun is strong, so it’s advisable to wear sunscreen during the day.

The best time to visit Cusco is during the dry season, from April to October, when the weather is more predictable and suitable for outdoor activities. This period offers clear skies and pleasant temperatures, ideal for sightseeing and exploring the historic sites around the Plaza de Armas. However, the festive season around June, which includes Inti Raymi, offers a unique cultural experience despite the crowds. This period is marked by colorful festivals, traditional dances, and vibrant parades, providing an immersive experience of the local culture.

History Around the Plaza de Armas of Cusco

Before the rise of the Inca Empire, the area where the Plaza de Armas now stands was a swamp. Early settlers transformed this swampy land into usable space, setting the stage for what would later become a significant urban center. These early efforts laid the groundwork for the development of Cusco as a thriving city.

Heart of the Empire

During the Inca Empire, the Plaza de Armas was the heart of Cusco. This central square hosted important ceremonies, including Inti Raymi, the Festival of the Sun, a major celebration dedicated to the Sun God, Inti. The square was larger than it is today and included areas that are now separate plazas. It was divided into two main sections: Huacaypata and Cusipata, symbolizing places of weeping and rejoicing, respectively. This division reflected the square's multifaceted role in Inca society, serving both solemn and celebratory purposes.

Spanish Conquest

The Spanish conquest brought significant changes to the Plaza de Armas. The conquistadors built colonial structures over the existing Inca foundations, transforming the architectural landscape of Cusco. Notable constructions from this period include the Cusco Cathedral and the Church of the Society of Jesus. These buildings showcase a blend of Inca and colonial architecture, reflecting the city's layered history and the cultural amalgamation resulting from the conquest.

Cultural Hub

Today, the Plaza de Armas is a bustling hub for both locals and tourists. It is surrounded by cafes, restaurants, and shops, making it a vibrant center of activity. The plaza continues to play a key role in the cultural and social life of Cusco, hosting numerous events and festivals throughout the year. This area remains a focal point of the city's identity, bridging its historical past with contemporary life.

Important Events and Festivals

Inti Raymi

Celebrated on June 24th, this Inca festival honors the Sun God with elaborate ceremonies and reenactments. The event draws large crowds who come to witness the traditional performances and vibrant costumes.

Corpus Christi

This religious festival involves processions, traditional dances, and vibrant displays of faith. It is one of the most important religious events in Cusco, bringing together various communities to celebrate with grand processions and feasts.

Semana Santa (Holy Week)

This significant time for religious observances includes processions and special church services. The week leading up to Easter is marked by various activities that reflect Cusco's deep-rooted Catholic traditions, attracting both locals and visitors who partake in the solemn yet celebratory events.

Exploring the Main Attractions in Plaza de Armas, Cusco

Cusco Cathedral

Cusco Cathedral, officially known as the Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption of the Virgin, stands on the foundations of the Inca palace of Viracocha. Construction began in 1559 and was completed in 1654. It has been a central place of worship and a symbol of Spanish influence in the city.

The cathedral displays a mix of Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque styles. Its grand facade and detailed interior decorations reflect the richness of colonial art and design. Inside, you will find altars made of silver and gold, and many paintings from the Cusqueña School of Art.

The cathedral was built using stones from the nearby Sacsayhuamán fortress. The construction involved intricate masonry techniques where large stones were precisely cut and fitted together without mortar. This demonstrates a fusion of Inca and Spanish building methods.

• The Maria Angola Bell

The Maria Angola bell, cast in 1659 and weighing around 6 tons, is one of South America's largest church bells, renowned for its deep, resonant tone; it is named after Maria Angola, a freed African slave who, according to legend, donated her jewelry to help cast the bell, symbolizing Cusco's blend of Spanish colonial and indigenous influences.

Church of the Society of Jesus

The Church of the Society of Jesus, commonly known as La Compañía, was built by the Jesuits in the 16th century. It stands on the site of the palace of Huayna Capac, an important Inca ruler. The church was constructed as part of the Spanish efforts to establish Catholicism in the region.

La Compañía is celebrated for its ornate Baroque architecture. The church’s facade is adorned with intricate carvings, columns, and statues, making it one of the most beautiful colonial buildings in Cusco. Inside, the high altar is covered in gold leaf, adding to the church’s grandeur.

The church was built using local Andean stone, with walls and arches designed to withstand earthquakes. The detailed stone carvings on the facade and the use of buttresses to support the structure show the skilled craftsmanship of the era.

Loreto Street

Loreto Street is one of the oldest streets in Cusco, dating back to the Inca period. It was initially part of the royal road network that connected different parts of the empire. The street runs along the eastern side of the Plaza de Armas.

Loreto Street is known for its impressive Inca walls that line both sides of the street. These walls are constructed from large, precisely cut stones that fit together without mortar, showcasing the engineering skills of the Incas. The street also features colonial buildings with traditional balconies, blending Inca and Spanish architecture.

The Inca walls along Loreto Street are an excellent example of ashlar masonry, where stones are cut and polished to fit perfectly without mortar. This technique provided the walls with great stability and durability, which is why they have stood the test of time.

Plaza Regocijo

Plaza Regocijo, also known as Kusipata, is located near the Plaza de Armas. Historically, it served as a place for celebrations and public gatherings during the Inca period. The name "Kusipata" means "place of happiness" in Quechua.

The plaza is surrounded by colonial buildings with arched walkways and wooden balconies. It features a small fountain at its center and is lined with benches and greenery, providing a peaceful spot for visitors to relax.

The buildings around Plaza Regocijo were constructed using a combination of Inca stone foundations and Spanish colonial techniques. Colonial architecture's use of arches and wooden balconies adds to the plaza’s charm.

12-Angled Stone Street (Hatunrumiyoc Street)

Hatunrumiyoc Street is famous for the 12-angled stone, a marvel of Inca masonry. This street was part of the royal Inca road network and is lined with ancient walls that have stood for centuries.

The 12-angled stone is a large block of diorite with 12 perfectly fitted angles, showcasing the Inca's advanced stone-cutting techniques. The walls along Hatunrumiyoc Street are constructed with such precision that even a piece of paper cannot fit between the stones.

The construction technique used for the 12-angled stone is ashlar masonry, where stones are cut and polished to fit together without mortar. This technique demonstrates the Inca's exceptional skill and knowledge of stonework, providing both strength and stability to the structures.

Restaurants and Nightlife

The Plaza de Armas is surrounded by various dining options, offering both traditional Peruvian cuisine and international dishes.

Popular Restaurants

• Limo: Known for its fusion cuisine, Limo offers a mix of Peruvian and Japanese dishes, including fresh sushi and ceviche.
• Papachos: Gastón Acurio’s gourmet burger restaurant provides a modern twist on classic dishes, serving delicious burgers with Peruvian flavors.

Nightlife

• Norton Rat’s Pub: A favorite among locals and tourists, Norton Rat’s Pub offers a casual atmosphere with darts and pool tables, making it a great place to unwind.
• Mama Africa: This popular nightclub is known for its lively music and dance floor, which make it a fun spot for evening entertainment.

Tips for Visiting Plaza de Armas

How to Get There

Cusco's Plaza de Armas is centrally located, making it easily accessible from various parts of the city. If you live nearby, reaching it on foot allows for scenic views and lively streets as you stroll towards it; taxis are readily available throughout Cusco, while public transit provides several bus lines that pass close by, allowing an affordable way to reach this central hub of Cusco - most city tours also stop here!

Plaza Access

There is no entry fee to visit the Plaza de Armas itself. You can freely walk around the square, admire the architecture, and soak in the vibrant atmosphere without any cost.

Attraction Fees

However, some attractions within the plaza, such as the Cusco Cathedral and other historical sites, do charge an admission fee. These tickets can be purchased at the entrance of each attraction. Prices may vary, so it is advisable to check in advance or ask at your hotel for the latest information. These fees help in the maintenance and preservation of these historic sites, ensuring that they remain beautiful and accessible for future generations.

Essential Items to Bring

• Comfortable Walking Shoes: Wear comfortable walking shoes as you will likely spend a lot of time exploring the plaza and nearby sites on foot. The cobblestone streets can be uneven, so sturdy footwear will make your visit more enjoyable.
• Hat and Sunscreen: The high-altitude sun in Cusco can be pretty intense, so it is essential to protect yourself with a hat and sunscreen. Even on cloudy days, UV rays can be intense, making sun protection a must.
• Hydration: Carry a bottle of water to stay hydrated, especially since the high altitude can make you feel more dehydrated. Drinking plenty of water helps prevent altitude sickness and keeps you energized throughout the day.
• Camera or Smartphone: Remember to bring a camera or smartphone to capture the beauty of the plaza and its historic buildings. There are many picturesque spots and unique architectural details worth photographing.

Safety Tips

• Keep an Eye on Belongings: Always keep an eye on your belongings, particularly during crowded events or festivals. Pickpocketing can be a concern in busy tourist areas, so it’s best to stay vigilant.
• Use Secure Storage: Consider using a money belt or a secure bag to store valuables safely. This can give you peace of mind while exploring the area. Keep your passport, money, and other essential items close to your body to prevent theft.
• Street Vendors: Be cautious of street vendors. If you are not interested in buying their goods, a polite but firm "No, thank you" should suffice. Some vendors can be persistent, so it’s essential to be clear and courteous.

Tours to the Area

• Walking tours: Many local tour operators offer walking tours around the Plaza de Armas. These tours provide insightful commentary on the plaza's history and significance, as well as its landmarks. 
• Cusco ty tour: Tours can be booked online, at travel agencies, or in private or group tours. The cusco city tour is an excellent way to gain a deeper understanding of Cusco and the surrounding 4 ruins around Sacsayhuman.

Nearby Attractions in Cusco City

Sacsayhuamán

Sacsayhuamán is an impressive Inca fortress located just a short distance from the Plaza de Armas in Cusco. It offers stunning panoramic views of the city and showcases the architectural genius of the Incas. The fortress is known for its massive stones, some weighing over 100 tons, which are intricately cut and fitted together without mortar. This precision has helped the structure withstand earthquakes over the centuries. Sacsayhuamán is easily accessible from Cusco by taxi, tour bus, or a brisk uphill walk from the city center. Early mornings or late afternoons are ideal for visiting to avoid crowds and enjoy cooler weather. Bring comfortable walking shoes, a hat, sunscreen, and water.

Qorikancha (Temple of the Sun)

Once the richest temple in the Inca Empire, Qorikancha was dedicated to Inti, the Sun God, and its walls were said to be covered in gold. Today, it is part of the Santo Domingo Church and serves as an important archaeological site. The blend of Inca and colonial architecture at Qorikancha is fascinating. The Spanish built the church on top of the original Inca temple, integrating smooth, interlocking stones with Baroque features. 

This mix highlights Cusco's cultural and historical layers. Qorikancha is located near the city center and can be reached on foot or by a short taxi ride. Visiting in the morning is recommended to avoid crowds. Don't forget your camera and comfortable shoes, and consider hiring a guide for detailed insights.

San Blas District

The San Blas district is known for its narrow, cobblestone streets and artisan shops. This picturesque area is home to many artists and craftsmen, making it a perfect destination for those interested in Cusco’s arts scene. San Blas features galleries, workshops, and boutiques selling unique handmade items. The district also has the San Blas Church, renowned for its intricate wooden pulpit carved from a single piece of cedar. Street performances and local markets add to the lively atmosphere. A short walk uphill from the Plaza de Armas brings you to San Blas. It's best to visit on weekends, especially during local festivals or markets. Wear comfortable walking shoes, bring cash for purchases, and carry a camera.

San Pedro Market

San Pedro Market is one of the oldest and most famous markets in Cusco, offering a vibrant mix of local produce, traditional foods, and handmade crafts. Visiting this market provides a unique opportunity to experience the daily life and culture of Cusco’s residents. The market is divided into sections, each offering different products, from fresh fruits and vegetables to meats, cheeses, and local delicacies. Visitors can also find a variety of artisanal goods, including textiles, jewelry, and souvenirs. San Pedro Market is within walking distance from the Plaza de Armas. Early mornings are the best time to visit to experience the market at its liveliest. Bring small change for purchases, reusable bags, and a sense of adventure for trying new foods.

Cristo Blanco

Cristo Blanco is a large white statue of Christ located on a hill overlooking Cusco. This iconic monument provides breathtaking views of the city and is a popular spot for both tourists and locals. The statue, which stands 8 meters tall, is similar in style to the famous Christ the Redeemer statue in Rio de Janeiro. Cristo Blanco was a gift from Arabic Palestinians who sought refuge in Cusco after World War II and symbolized peace and protection for the city. The site is accessible by a short taxi ride or a hike from the city center, often combined with a visit to Sacsayhuamán. Sunset is a particularly beautiful time to visit, as the city lights begin to glow and the view becomes even more spectacular. Bring a camera, comfortable walking shoes, and a light jacket as it can get chilly in the evenings.

Most Frequently Asked Questions

What is the Plaza de Armas?

The Plaza de Armas is the main square in Cusco, renowned for its rich history and vibrant culture. It serves as the heart of the city, where ancient Inca traditions and Spanish colonial influences converge. The plaza is surrounded by significant historical buildings, shops, and restaurants, making it a central hub for both locals and tourists.

Why is it called Huacaypata?

The name Huacaypata means "place of weeping" in Quechua. This name was initially used during the Inca period to describe the square due to the many important ceremonies and events held there, often involving expressions of sorrow or reverence.

What is the altitude of Cusco?

Cusco is situated at an altitude of approximately 3,400 meters (11,150 feet) above sea level. This high elevation can affect visitors, so it’s important to take measures to acclimate properly and avoid altitude sickness.

What can I see in the Plaza de Armas?

In the Plaza de Armas, you can visit several notable attractions, including the Cusco Cathedral, the Church of the Society of Jesus (La Compañía), and various shops and restaurants. The square itself is a beautiful place to relax and soak in the atmosphere of Cusco, offering a blend of historic architecture and modern amenities.

When is the best time to visit?

The best time to visit Cusco is during the dry season, from April to October. During this period, the weather is more predictable and suitable for outdoor activities and sightseeing. However, visiting during festivals like Inti Raymi in June can also be a memorable experience despite the larger crowds, offering a unique glimpse into local culture and traditions.

How do I get to the Plaza de Armas?

The Plaza de Armas is centrally located in Cusco and can be easily accessed by foot, taxi, or bus. Most city tours include a stop at the plaza, making it convenient to incorporate into your itinerary. Walking to the plaza is often the best way to experience the bustling streets and local life.

Are there entry fees?

There is no entry fee to visit the Plaza de Armas itself. You can freely explore the square, enjoy the scenery, and visit the shops and restaurants. However, some attractions within the plaza, such as the Cusco Cathedral and the Church of the Society of Jesus, charge admission fees. These tickets can be purchased at the entrance or through local tour operators.

What should I bring?

When visiting the Plaza de Armas, it’s important to bring:

• Comfortable walking shoes for exploring the area.
• Water to stay hydrated, especially due to the high altitude.
• Sunscreen and a hat to protect yourself from the intense sun.
• A camera or smartphone to capture the beautiful sights.

Is it safe to visit?

Yes, the Plaza de Armas is generally safe to visit. However, it is important to be mindful of your belongings, especially during crowded events or festivals. Using a money belt or a secure bag can help protect your valuables and give you peace of mind while exploring.

Can I find English-speaking guides?

Yes, many tour operators in Cusco offer English-speaking guides. These guides provide insightful commentary on the history and significance of the Plaza de Armas and its surrounding attractions, enhancing your visit by sharing stories and facts that you might not discover on your own.

What is the historical significance?

The Plaza de Armas was the center of life in both Incan and later colonial times. It was the site of major ceremonies, events, and gatherings. During the Spanish conquest, it was transformed with the addition of colonial architecture, blending Inca and Spanish influences. This historical layering makes the plaza a key location for understanding the cultural evolution of Cusco.

Are there good restaurants?

Yes, there are many excellent restaurants around the Plaza de Armas offering a variety of cuisines, including traditional Peruvian dishes and international options. Popular spots include Limo, known for its fusion cuisine, Cicciolina, offering a blend of local and Mediterranean flavors, and Papachos, a great place for gourmet burgers.

What is the weather like?

Due to its high altitude, the weather in Cusco is generally mild during the day and cold at night. The dry season (April to October) offers clear skies and pleasant daytime temperatures, while the wet season (November to March) brings frequent rain showers. It's advisable to dress in layers to stay comfortable throughout the day.

Can I buy souvenirs?

Yes, there are many vendors and shops around the Plaza de Armas where you can buy souvenirs. These include handmade crafts, textiles, jewelry, and alpaca wool clothing. The variety of items available makes it a great place to find unique gifts and mementos that reflect the local culture.

Is it crowded?

The Plaza de Armas can be crowded, especially during festivals and peak tourist seasons. Early mornings and late afternoons are generally quieter times to visit. However, even during busy periods, the lively atmosphere adds to the area's charm and excitement.

What other attractions are nearby?

Several notable attractions are located near the Plaza de Armas, including:

• Sacsayhuamán: An impressive Inca fortress offering stunning views of Cusco and showcasing the architectural prowess of the Incas.
• Qorikancha (Temple of the Sun) is a significant archaeological site that blends Inca and colonial architecture. It was once the richest temple in the Inca Empire.
• San Blas District: This charming area is known for its artisan shops, narrow cobblestone streets, and vibrant arts scene.

What is the main architectural style?

The architectural style around the Plaza de Armas is a blend of Inca and Spanish colonial. Many buildings incorporate Inca stone foundations with Spanish colonial designs, reflecting the city's rich history and the fusion of different cultural influences.

Do I need to acclimate to the altitude?

Yes, it is recommended to take it easy for the first few days to acclimate to Cusco's high altitude. Drinking plenty of water, avoiding strenuous activities, and possibly taking altitude sickness medication can help. It's also beneficial to consume local remedies like coca tea, which is known to alleviate some symptoms of altitude sickness.

How can I book a tour?

Tours can be booked online through various travel websites or directly with local tour operators in Cusco. Hotel concierges can also help arrange tours. Guided tours often include visits to multiple attractions, providing a comprehensive experience of the area. Booking in advance is advisable, especially during peak tourist seasons, to ensure availability and get the best rates.