Machu Picchu Lost Inca Citadel

Machu Picchu is an iconic archaeological site located in the Andes Mountains of Peru. Renowned for its breathtaking scenery and immense historical significance, it has become one of the world's most sought-after travel destinations. This ancient Incan city, often referred to as the "Lost City of the Incas," offers visitors a glimpse into the rich heritage of the Inca civilization, drawing travelers from around the globe to experience its majestic beauty and enigmatic past.

Location

Machu Picchu is perched at an elevation of 7,970 feet (2,430 meters) above sea level, nestled on a mountain ridge overlooking the Sacred Valley. This strategic location not only provided a natural fortress for the Inca rulers but also offered stunning panoramic views of the surrounding Andean landscape. The site is situated approximately 50 miles (80 kilometers) northwest of Cusco, the former capital of the Inca Empire. Visitors typically travel from Cusco to the nearby town of Aguas Calientes, from where a short bus ride or hike leads to the entrance of Machu Picchu.

History

Believed to have been constructed in the mid-15th century, Machu Picchu was built during the reign of the Inca emperor Pachacuti. This remote citadel served multiple purposes, including as a royal estate for Pachacuti and a sacred religious site. The architecture of Machu Picchu showcases the advanced engineering and sophisticated construction techniques of the Inca civilization, featuring terraces, temples, and intricate stonework that have withstood the test of time. Despite its significance, the site was abandoned in the 16th century during the Spanish Conquest and remained largely hidden from the outside world until its rediscovery in the early 20th century.

Hiram Bingham

Hiram Bingham, an American explorer, historian, and academic, is credited with bringing international attention to Machu Picchu. In 1911, Bingham led an expedition to Peru, sponsored by Yale University and the National Geographic Society. During this expedition, he was guided by local farmers to the overgrown ruins of Machu Picchu. Bingham's subsequent excavations and detailed studies of the site were extensively documented and published, sparking widespread interest and recognition of Machu Picchu's historical and cultural importance. His work not only highlighted the ingenuity of the Inca civilization but also paved the way for future archaeological research and conservation efforts at Machu Picchu.

Best Time to Visit Machu Picchu

Seasonal Overview

Dry Season (April to October)

• Weather: The dry season is characterized by clear skies and mild temperatures, ranging from 48°F to 79°F. These conditions are ideal for outdoor activities and exploring the ruins.
• Crowds: This is the peak tourist season, especially from June to August, when visitors from around the world flock to Machu Picchu.
• Highlights: Perfect weather for trekking and photography, with spectacular views of the surrounding mountains and valleys.

Rainy Season (November to March)

• Weather: The rainy season brings frequent rains, creating lush, green landscapes and warmer temperatures.
• Crowds: There are fewer tourists during this time, offering a more intimate experience.
• Highlights: The vegetation is rich and vibrant, and the mystical mists add an ethereal quality to the site. Note that the Inca Trail is closed in February for maintenance.

Shoulder Seasons (April, May, September, October, November)

• Weather: These months offer pleasant weather with fewer crowds, making them a great time to visit.
• Crowds: Moderate tourist numbers provide a balanced experience without the intense crowds of the peak season.
• Highlights: Enjoy blooming orchids and moderate temperatures, which are ideal for exploring and taking in the natural beauty.

Machu Picchu During the Day

Early Morning

• Best Time: 6-7 am
• Pros: Experience the sunrise with fewer crowds, providing a peaceful start to your visit.
• Cons: Cooler temperatures mean you'll need to dress in layers.

Noon

• Best Time: Midday
• Pros: Warmer temperatures and good visibility make this a popular time to explore the ruins.
• Cons: This is also the peak time for crowds, which can make certain areas feel congested.

Dusk

• Best Time: Late afternoon
• Pros: The softer light in the late afternoon is perfect for photography, and the crowds start to thin out.
• Cons: Limited time before the site closes, so plan your visit accordingly.

Special Considerations

Inca Trail Closures

The Inca Trail is closed every February for maintenance. However, alternative treks, such as the Salkantay or Lares Treks, and train access to Machu Picchu remain available during this period.

Entry Slots

Machu Picchu has implemented timed entry slots to manage the flow of visitors. The early morning (6-7 am) and late afternoon slots are ideal for avoiding peak crowds, allowing for a more tranquil and enjoyable experience.

Monthly BreakdownDuring peak

Travel Tips to Visit Machu Picchu

Plan Your Visit During the Dry Season

When: April to October
Why: This period offers clear skies and minimal rainfall, which is ideal for hiking and photography. The weather is generally stable, making it perfect for exploring the ruins and trekking.

Secure Permits and Tickets Early

Inca Trail Permits: Book at least six months in advance due to high demand.
Machu Picchu Entry: Secure tickets months ahead, especially during peak season (June to August), to ensure availability.

Choose the Right Time of Day

Early Morning:

• Best Time: 6-7 am
• Pros: Fewer crowds, beautiful sunrise views, cooler temperatures.

Late Afternoon:

• Best Time: Late afternoon
• Pros: Avoid peak crowds and enjoy softer light for photography.

Acclimate to the Altitude

• Cusco Stay: Spend a few days in Cusco to adjust to the altitude. Cusco is at a higher elevation than Machu Picchu, which helps in acclimatization.
• Hydration: Drink plenty of water and consider bringing altitude sickness medication to help prevent symptoms.

Pack Appropriately

• Layered Clothing: Prepare for fluctuating temperatures. Mornings and evenings can be cool, so bring layers that you can add or remove as needed.
• Rain Gear: Even during the dry season, occasional rain is possible, so pack a lightweight rain jacket or poncho.

Consider Alternative Routes

• Quarry Trail: This less crowded trail is open year-round and offers a unique trekking experience. It's a great alternative to the Inca Trail.
• Train Access: If hiking isn't your preference, take the scenic train from Cusco to Aguas Calientes for a comfortable journey.

Be Prepared for Crowds

• Avoid Peak Times: Visit during the shoulder seasons (April-May, September-October) for fewer tourists and a more relaxed experience.
• Timed Entries: Machu Picchu now uses timed entry slots to manage the number of visitors. Book these slots in advance to avoid disappointment.

Stay Informed and Flexible

• Weather Changes: Mountain weather can be unpredictable, so have backup plans and stay flexible with your itinerary.
• Local Holidays: Be aware of local festivals and holidays, which can increase the number of visitors and affect travel plans.

Explore Beyond Machu Picchu

• Sacred Valley: Visit other Incan sites, such as Ollantaytambo and Pisac, to further immerse yourself in the history and culture.
• Cusco: Explore the rich history, vibrant culture, and numerous attractions in Cusco, the former capital of the Incan Empire.

Respect the Site

• Leave No Trace: Follow the guidelines to protect the site. Avoid leaving any trash and respect the natural and historical environment.
• Guided Tours: Consider hiring a guide for deeper insights into the history and significance of Machu Picchu. Guides can provide valuable context and enhance your understanding of the site.

New Machu Picchu Circuits and Tickets

To manage visitor flow and enhance the experience, Machu Picchu now offers several circuits, each with specific routes to explore different parts of the site. These circuits are designed to control the number of visitors in each area and preserve the site’s integrity.

Circuit 1 (Panoramic)

Ruta 1-A: Machu Picchu Mountain

• Description: This route includes a hike up Machu Picchu Mountain, offering panoramic views of the citadel and surrounding landscape.
• Highlights: Breathtaking views, less crowded.

Ruta 1-B: Superior Terrace

• Description: Explore the upper terraces of Machu Picchu for an elevated perspective of the ruins.
• Highlights: Great for photography and scenic views.

Ruta 1-C: Intipunku Gate (High Season Only)

• Description: Known as the Sun Gate, this route is available during the high season and provides a historic entry point used by the Incas.
• Highlights: Historical significance, sunrise views.

Ruta 1-D: Inca Bridge (High Season Only)

• Description: This trail leads to the Inca Bridge, a unique engineering marvel.
• Highlights: Engineering wonder, scenic walk.

Circuit 2 (Classic)

Ruta 2-A: Designed Route

• Description: A comprehensive route covering the main areas of Machu Picchu.
• Highlights: Major attractions, well-rounded experience.

Ruta 2-B: Lower Terrace

• Description: Focuses on the lower terraces of the citadel, providing insights into agricultural practices.
• Highlights: Agricultural terraces, close-up views.

Circuit 3 (Royalty)

Ruta 3-A: Huayna Picchu Mountain

• Description: A challenging hike up Huayna Picchu Mountain, known for its steep trails and stunning views.
• Highlights: Adventure, panoramic views.

Ruta 3-B: Designed Route

• Description: Similar to Circuit 2-A, this route offers a detailed exploration of the site.
• Highlights: Comprehensive tour, major sites.

Ruta 3-C: Great Cave (High Season Only)

• Description: Visits the Great Cave, accessible only during high season.
• Highlights: Historical site, unique experience.

Ruta 3-D: Huchuy Picchu (High Season Only)

• Description: A less strenuous hike compared to Huayna Picchu, offering beautiful views.
• Highlights: Easier hike, scenic views.

Ticket Types

General Entry:

• Access: Provides access to the main circuits, allowing visitors to explore the core areas of Machu Picchu.

Combined Entry:

• Access: Includes additional routes and special hikes like Machu Picchu Mountain and Huayna Picchu, offering a more extensive exploration.

Booking Tips

Advance Booking:

• Tip: Secure your tickets months in advance, especially during peak season, to ensure availability.

Circuit Choice:

• Tip: Choose your circuit based on your interests and physical capabilities. For example, opt for Ruta 1-A or 3-A if you enjoy hiking and panoramic views, or Ruta 2-A for a comprehensive tour of the main site.

Most Frequently Asked Questions about Visiting Machu Picchu

What are the New Circuits at Machu Picchu?

Machu Picchu has introduced several new circuits to manage visitor flow and enhance the experience:

• Circuit 1 (Panoramic): Includes routes like Machu Picchu Mountain and Superior Terrace.
• Circuit 2 (Classic): Covers main areas like the Designed Route and Lower Terrace.
• Circuit 3 (Royalty): Features Huayna Picchu Mountain and the Great Cave.

How Can I Book Tickets to Machu Picchu?

Tickets can be booked online through the official Machu Picchu website or authorized travel agencies. It's essential to book well in advance, especially during peak season (June to August).

When is the Best Time to Visit Machu Picchu?

The best time to visit is during the dry season, from April to October, when the weather is clear and ideal for trekking and photography. Shoulder seasons like April-May and September-October offer a balance of good weather and fewer crowds.

Are There Any Restrictions on Entry Times?

Yes, Machu Picchu has timed entry slots to manage the number of visitors. The early morning (6-7 am) and late afternoon slots are ideal for avoiding peak crowds and enjoying a more peaceful visit.

What Should I Pack for My Visit to Machu Picchu?

• Layered Clothing: For fluctuating temperatures.
• Rain Gear: For occasional showers, even in the dry season.
• Comfortable Footwear: For hiking and walking.
• Sunscreen and Hat: To protect against the sun.

Is the Inca Trail Open Year-Round?

No, the Inca Trail is closed every February for maintenance. However, alternative routes and train access to Machu Picchu remain available.

What Should I Know About Altitude Sickness?

Machu Picchu is located at 7,970 feet (2,430 meters) above sea level. To prevent altitude sickness, spend a few days acclimating in Cusco, stay hydrated, and consider medication if necessary.

What Are the Special Rules for Visiting Machu Picchu?

• Follow Designated Paths: To preserve the site.
• Timed Entry: Adhere to your allotted time slot.
• No Large Bags: Only small backpacks are allowed.

Can I Visit Other Attractions in the Sacred Valley?

Yes, the Sacred Valley is home to several other Incan sites, including Ollantaytambo and Pisac, which are worth visiting for a comprehensive understanding of Incan history and culture.

How Long Should I Plan to Stay at Machu Picchu?

Plan for at least one full day to explore Machu Picchu. If you want to hike additional trails like Huayna Picchu or Machu Picchu Mountain, consider staying longer.

Are Guided Tours Available at Machu Picchu?

Yes, guided tours are available and highly recommended for a deeper understanding of the site's history and significance.

What Are the Different Ticket Options for Machu Picchu?

• General Entry: Access to the main site.
• Combined Entry: Includes additional hikes like Huayna Picchu and Machu Picchu Mountain.

What Are the Entry Fees for Machu Picchu?

Entry fees vary depending on the type of ticket and your nationality. It’s best to check the official website for the most up-to-date pricing.

How Can I Get to Machu Picchu from Cusco?

• Train: The most popular and scenic option, taking you to Aguas Calientes.
• Trek: Several multi-day trekking options, including the famous Inca Trail.
• Bus: From Aguas Calientes to the entrance of Machu Picchu.

What Are the Operating Hours of Machu Picchu?

Machu Picchu is open from 6 am to 5:30 pm daily. The last entry is at 4 pm.

Is There a Limit on the Number of Visitors Per Day?

Yes, to preserve the site, the number of daily visitors is limited. Timed entry slots help manage this capacity.

Are There Restroom Facilities Inside Machu Picchu?

Restrooms are available outside the main entrance. There are no restroom facilities inside the archaeological site itself.

Can I Bring Food and Drink into Machu Picchu?

Only small snacks and water are allowed. Large meals and picnics are prohibited to protect the site.

What is the Weather Like at Machu Picchu?

The weather varies with the season. The dry season (April to October) offers clear skies, while the rainy season (November to March) brings frequent showers and lush landscapes.

How Physically Demanding is the Hike to Machu Picchu?

The hike can be strenuous, especially if you choose to trek the Inca Trail or climb Huayna Picchu. Prepare with good physical conditioning, proper gear, and acclimatization to the altitude.