Ultimate Travel Guide to Coricancha

Coricancha, also known as Qorikancha or the Temple of the Sun, is a significant historical and cultural site located in Cusco, Peru. This temple was the most important in the Inca Empire and was dedicated to Inti, the sun god. Visiting Coricancha offers a unique glimpse into the rich cultural heritage of the Incas and their advanced architectural techniques.

Coricancha in Inca Times

During the height of the Inca Empire, Coricancha was the most important religious site in Cusco. It served as a central hub for worship and astronomical observations. The temple's walls were covered in sheets of gold, symbolizing Inti's divine nature. The site included several other temples dedicated to different gods, reflecting the Inca's polytheistic beliefs and deep connection with the cosmos. Ceremonies, sacrifices, and rituals were conducted here, making it a vibrant center of spiritual activity.

Coricancha Today

Today, Coricancha remains a vital archaeological site and a key tourist attraction in Cusco. The original Inca stone walls are still visible, despite the construction of the Convent of Santo Domingo on its foundations during the Spanish colonial period. Visitors can explore the blend of Inca and Spanish architecture, marvel at the remaining stonework, and learn about the site's historical significance through exhibits and guided tours.

Etymology

The name "Coricancha" comes from the Quechua words "quri" meaning gold and "kancha" meaning enclosure. Together, they translate to "The Golden Enclosure," highlighting the temple's once opulent gold-covered walls and decorations.

Location

Coricancha is situated in the heart of Cusco, the ancient capital of the Inca Empire. The site is easily accessible from various parts of the city. The exact address is Santo Domingo Plaza, Cusco, Peru. Its central location makes it convenient for visitors to explore other nearby attractions.

Weather

Cusco experiences a subtropical highland climate with two main seasons: the dry season (May to September) and the rainy season (October to April). During the dry season, the weather is generally cool and clear, making it the best time for sightseeing.

The best time to visit Coricancha is during the dry season, from May to September. During this period, the weather is more stable, and there is less chance of rain, making it ideal for exploring the site and taking photographs. For the best experience, visit Coricancha in the early morning or late afternoon. These times are less crowded, and the lighting is perfect for photography, enhancing the details of the stonework and the surrounding landscape.

History of Coricancha Golden Temple

Before the rise of the Inca Empire, the area where Coricancha stands was likely used by earlier Andean cultures. Archaeological evidence suggests that the site was significant even before the Incas established Cusco as their capital. These early cultures may have built smaller temples or ceremonial structures on the site. However, detailed information about its pre-Inca use is limited due to the lack of written records and extensive archaeological studies.

Inca Period

During the Inca period, Coricancha became the most important religious site in the empire. It was the central hub for worshiping Inti, the sun god, and other deities such as Viracocha (the creator god), Quilla (the moon goddess), and Illapa (the god of thunder). The temple's walls were covered with gold sheets, and its interior housed golden statues and sacred artifacts, reflecting the Inca's immense wealth and devotion.

Coricancha also played a crucial role in astronomical observations. The Incas were keen astronomers, and the temple complex included observatories for tracking celestial events like solstices and equinoxes. The precise alignment of certain structures with the movements of the sun and stars highlighted the Incas' sophisticated understanding of astronomy.

The temple served as a site for significant religious ceremonies, including offerings and sacrifices to honor the gods. Priests conducted rituals to ensure the prosperity of the empire, appealing to the gods for good harvests, protection from natural disasters, and victory in wars.

Colonial Period

After the Spanish conquest in the 16th century, much of Coricancha was destroyed. The Spanish conquerors, led by Francisco Pizarro, were astonished by the temple's wealth. They stripped the gold from the walls and melted down the statues and artifacts. To symbolize the triumph of Christianity over the Inca religion, the Spanish built the Convent of Santo Domingo on the temple's foundations.

Despite the destruction, the Inca stone walls remain intact, showcasing the exceptional skill of Inca builders. The precision with which the stones were cut and fitted together without mortar allowed these structures to survive numerous earthquakes that have damaged or destroyed many colonial buildings.

Why is it important today?

Today, Coricancha is a vital archaeological site and a symbol of Peru's cultural heritage. It stands as a testament to the Inca's advanced engineering and architectural skills and their rich religious traditions. The site draws visitors from around the world who come to learn about the Inca civilization and witness the blend of Inca and Spanish colonial architecture.

Coricancha also represents the enduring legacy of the Inca Empire and its influence on modern Peruvian culture. It is a place of historical reflection, showcasing the resilience and ingenuity of the Inca people in the face of conquest and cultural upheaval.

Important Events and Festivals

One of the most important festivals celebrated at Coricancha is Inti Raymi, the Festival of the Sun, held annually on June 24th. This festival reenacts ancient Inca rituals honoring Inti and marks the winter solstice, which was a significant event in the Inca calendar. Thousands of tourists and locals gather to watch the colorful parades, traditional dances, and ceremonial offerings.

Throughout the year, Coricancha also hosts various cultural and religious events that celebrate Peru's rich heritage. These events provide a glimpse into the traditions and practices of the Inca civilization and their lasting impact on contemporary Peruvian culture.

The Most Important Sites of Coricancha

Temple of the Sun (Inti)

The heart of Coricancha is dedicated to Inti, the sun god. This temple was the most significant structure within the complex. The walls were once covered in sheets of gold, which symbolized the divine nature of the sun and its paramount importance to the Inca civilization. The temple's opulence demonstrated the wealth and power of the Inca Empire. It was a place where priests conducted vital ceremonies and rituals to honor Inti, seeking his blessings for bountiful harvests and protection from natural disasters.

Temple of the Moon (Quilla)

Dedicated to Quilla, the moon goddess, this temple was adorned with silver, a metal considered to be the tears of the moon. The Temple of the Moon highlighted the Inca's reverence for celestial bodies and their understanding of the moon's influence on agriculture and daily life. Silver-plated walls and intricate decorations within this temple underscored the importance of Quilla in the Inca pantheon and showcased their astronomical and spiritual knowledge.

Temple of the Stars (Chaska-Qoylor)

Honoring the star Venus, known as Chaska-Qoylor, this temple reflects the Inca's advanced knowledge of astronomy and their spiritual connection to the cosmos. The Temple of the Stars played a crucial role in observing and interpreting Venus's movements, which were associated with important agricultural cycles and ceremonial events. The temple's design and orientation allowed priests to track celestial events, demonstrating the Inca's sophisticated astronomical practices.

Temple of Thunder (Illapa)

This temple was devoted to Illapa, the god of thunder, weather, and war. It showcased the Inca's worship of natural forces and their impact on daily life. Illapa was believed to control rain, which was essential for agriculture and was also associated with military success. The temple featured intricate stonework and was a place where offerings and prayers were made to ensure favorable weather conditions and protection in battle.

Temple of the Rainbow (Cuichu)

A unique temple dedicated to Cuichu, the rainbow god, illustrating the Inca's appreciation for natural phenomena and their symbolic meanings. The Temple of the Rainbow celebrated the beauty and significance of rainbows, which were seen as a bridge between the earthly realm and the gods. The vibrant colors and symbolic decorations within this temple reflected the Inca's deep connection with nature and their belief in the divine presence in everyday life.

Golden Garden

Once filled with life-sized gold and silver statues of plants, animals, and other natural elements, this garden demonstrated the wealth and artistic skill of the Inca civilization. The Golden Garden was a testament to the Inca's ability to replicate the natural world in precious metals, symbolizing their reverence for nature and the divine. It was a place of great beauty and spiritual significance, showcasing the harmony between the Inca people and their environment.

Main Courtyard

The central area used for various ceremonies and rituals, including the preparation of sacrificial victims, and is surrounded by the temples and other significant structures. The Main Courtyard was the heart of religious activity within Coricancha, where priests and worshippers gathered for important ceremonies. This space was crucial for community gatherings, rituals, and celebrations that reinforced the spiritual and social fabric of the Inca Empire.

Astronomical Observatory

A vital part of Coricancha is used for observing celestial events, including the tracking of solstices and other important astronomical phenomena. The Astronomical Observatory allowed the Inca priests to monitor the movements of the sun, moon, and stars, ensuring that agricultural and religious activities were aligned with celestial cycles. This observatory demonstrated the Inca's sophisticated understanding of astronomy and their ability to integrate this knowledge into their religious practices.

Convent of Santo Domingo

Built on the foundations of Coricancha by the Spanish, this convent represents the blending of Inca and Spanish architectural styles. Visitors can see the original Inca stonework integrated with colonial structures, highlighting the cultural and historical changes that occurred after the Spanish conquest. The Convent of Santo Domingo serves as a poignant reminder of the transition from Inca to Spanish rule and the enduring legacy of both cultures within Cusco.

Architectural Highlights of Coricancha

Ashlar Masonry

Coricancha is renowned for its ashlar masonry, where finely cut stones were fitted together without the use of mortar. This technique provided remarkable durability and precision, allowing the structure to withstand earthquakes. The stones were meticulously shaped to fit together so perfectly that even a thin blade could not be inserted between them. This construction method not only showcases the Inca's advanced engineering skills but also their aesthetic sensibility, as the seamless joints create a smooth and visually striking surface.

Golden Walls

The temple's interior walls were once covered with sheets of gold, reflecting the Inca's wealth and their reverence for the sun god Inti. The dazzling effect of the gold in sunlight symbolized the divine presence and power of Inti, making the temple a radiant beacon of spiritual significance. The gold sheets were removed by the Spanish conquistadors, but historical accounts and remnants still evoke the temple's former splendor.

Trapezoidal Doorways and Windows

The distinctive trapezoidal shapes of the doorways and windows are characteristic of Inca architecture. These shapes not only provided structural stability but also had symbolic meanings related to Inca cosmology. The wider base and narrower top of the trapezoids helped distribute weight evenly, enhancing the building's ability to withstand seismic activity. Additionally, the trapezoidal design is thought to reflect the Inca's reverence for their environment, echoing the shapes found in the surrounding Andes Mountains.

Astronomical Alignments

Coricancha was designed with specific astronomical alignments. Certain structures within the temple complex were used to observe celestial events, such as solstices and equinoxes, highlighting the Inca's advanced knowledge of astronomy. The precise alignment of windows and doorways allowed sunlight to enter specific parts of the temple during important celestial events, serving both practical and ceremonial purposes. These alignments underscored the Inca's belief in the harmony between their society and the cosmos.

Intricate Drainage Systems

The site features advanced drainage systems to manage water flow, demonstrating the Inca's engineering ingenuity. These systems helped prevent water damage and erosion, preserving the integrity of the temple complex. Channels and conduits were skillfully integrated into the architecture to divert rainwater away from the buildings, ensuring that the structures remained stable and functional. This attention to detail reflects the Inca's deep understanding of their environment and their ability to adapt their construction techniques to local conditions.

Convent of Santo Domingo

Built atop the ruins of Coricancha, the Convent of Santo Domingo incorporates Inca stonework into its colonial architecture. This fusion of styles serves as a poignant reminder of the cultural and historical changes that have occurred at the site. The juxtaposition of Inca and Spanish architectural elements illustrates the complex history of conquest and cultural blending in Peru. Visitors can see the original Inca walls seamlessly integrated with the colonial structures, providing a tangible connection to the past and a testament to the enduring legacy of Inca craftsmanship.

Tips for Visiting Coricancha

How to Get There?

Coricancha is located in central Cusco, making it easily accessible from various parts of the city. Most visitors find it convenient to walk to the site, especially if staying in nearby accommodations. For those coming from farther away, a short taxi ride is a comfortable option. Taxis in Cusco are plentiful and reasonably priced. Additionally, public transportation options, such as buses, are available and can take you close to Coricancha.

Entry Fees

Entry fees for Coricancha vary, so it is advisable to check the official website or local tourist information centers for the most up-to-date prices. Discounts are often available for students, seniors, and local residents, so be sure to bring appropriate identification if you qualify. It's also worth noting that sometimes entry is included in broader tourist tickets that cover multiple sites in Cusco and the Sacred Valley.

Ticket Purchase Locations

Tickets can be purchased directly at the entrance of Coricancha, but it is recommended that you buy them online through official tourist websites, especially during peak tourist seasons. Purchasing tickets in advance can help you avoid long lines and ensure you have access on your preferred visit date.

Essential Items to Bring

• Comfortable Walking Shoes: Given the stone floors and the amount of walking required, comfortable walking shoes are a must to ensure a pleasant visit.
• Sunscreen and a Hat: Cusco's high altitude means you are closer to the sun, making UV protection important even on cloudy days. Bring sunscreen and a hat to protect your skin.
• Water Bottle: Staying hydrated is crucial, especially if you are not accustomed to the high altitude. Carry a water bottle and drink regularly.
• Camera: Coricancha offers stunning views and architectural marvels worth capturing. Make sure to bring a camera or a smartphone with a good camera to document your visit.
• Light Jacket or Sweater: The weather in Cusco can change quickly, with warm days and cooler evenings. A light jacket or sweater will help you stay comfortable throughout your visit.

Safety Tips

• Stay Hydrated: The high altitude of Cusco can be challenging for some visitors. Drink plenty of water to stay hydrated and help your body adjust to the altitude.
• Follow Guidelines: Respect all posted guidelines and site rules to ensure your safety and the preservation of the site.
• Mind Your Belongings: To prevent theft, be vigilant about your belongings in crowded areas. Use a secure bag and keep valuables out of sight.

Tours to the Area

Guided tours are highly recommended for a richer understanding of Coricancha's history and significance. Knowledgeable guides can provide context and stories that bring the site to life. Tours are available in multiple languages and can be booked through local tour operators or online. Group and private tours offer different experiences, so choose the one that best fits your interests.

Nearby Attractions in Cusco

Sacsayhuamán

Sacsayhuamán is a large Inca ceremonial center located on the outskirts of Cusco. Known for its impressive stone walls, some of which weigh over 100 tons, the site showcases the incredible engineering skills of the Inca civilization. The massive stones are precisely cut and fitted together without mortar, a technique that has allowed the walls to withstand earthquakes. Sacsayhuamán also offers stunning panoramic views of Cusco and the surrounding valleys, making it a must-visit site for anyone interested in Inca history and architecture. The site is believed to have been a military fortress and a ceremonial complex, where important religious events and rituals were conducted.

Qenqo

Qenqo is an archaeological site featuring labyrinthine tunnels and chambers, believed to have been used for ceremonial purposes. The name "Qenqo" means "zigzag" in Quechua, referring to the site's unique, winding pathways and channels. The site includes a large amphitheater, a series of carved stone altars, and intricate carvings that hint at its use in ritual activities. Qenqo offers a unique insight into Inca rituals and beliefs, particularly their practices related to death and the afterlife. Visitors can explore the underground chambers and observe the meticulously carved stone surfaces that have stood the test of time.

Puka Pukara

Puka Pukara, meaning "Red Fortress" in Quechua, is a small fortress that served as a military outpost and rest stop for Inca travelers. Its strategic location provided excellent views of the surrounding area, allowing the Incas to monitor and control movement along the main roads. The fortress includes a series of terraces, stairways, and stone walls, all built with the precision characteristic of Inca architecture. Puka Pukara's reddish hue, especially noticeable during sunset, adds to its allure. The site offers a glimpse into the military organization and strategic planning of the Inca Empire.

Tambomachay

Tambomachay, often referred to as the "Bath of the Inca," is an archaeological site associated with water rituals and agricultural fertility. The site features a series of aqueducts, canals, and waterfalls that flow through terraced rocks. The water at Tambomachay is believed to have had ceremonial and possibly healing properties. The intricate stonework and the constant flow of water demonstrate the Inca's advanced engineering skills and their reverence for water as a vital resource. Tambomachay is located near Puka Pukara and can be visited as part of a tour of the nearby sites.

San Pedro Market

San Pedro Market is a bustling, vibrant marketplace located in the heart of Cusco. It offers a sensory overload of sights, sounds, and smells, providing an authentic experience of local life. Visitors can find a wide variety of goods, including fresh produce, traditional Andean foods, textiles, and handmade crafts. The market is an excellent place to sample local cuisine, such as roasted guinea pigs and Peruvian corn. San Pedro Market is also a great spot to buy souvenirs and immerse yourself in the daily life and culture of Cusco's residents.

Cristo Blanco

Cristo Blanco is a large white statue of Christ that stands atop a hill overlooking Cusco. The statue, reminiscent of the famous Christ the Redeemer in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, offers a striking contrast against the lush green landscape. It was a gift from Palestinian refugees who sought refuge in Cusco after World War II. Cristo Blanco provides a breathtaking panoramic view of the city, especially at sunset. The site is easily accessible by a short hike from Sacsayhuamán or by taxi, and it is a popular spot for both tourists and locals to enjoy the stunning scenery and reflect on the city's rich history.

Most Frequently Asked Questions

What is Coricancha?

Coricancha, also known as the Inca Sun Temple or the Temple of the Sun Cusco, was the most important temple in the Inca Empire. It was dedicated to Inti, the sun god, and served as the religious center of the Inca civilization. This temple was renowned for its opulent gold-covered walls and its role in various ceremonial and astronomical activities. The temple complex also included other temples dedicated to different gods, illustrating the Inca's polytheistic beliefs and their advanced architectural skills. Visiting Coricancha offers a unique insight into the rich cultural and religious heritage of the Incas.

Where is Coricancha located?

Coricancha is located in the heart of Cusco, Peru. The exact address is Santo Domingo Plaza, Cusco, Peru. This central location makes it easily accessible from various parts of Cusco. Whether you are staying in the historic center or in the surrounding areas, you can reach Coricancha by walking, taking a short taxi ride, or using public transportation. Its proximity to other significant sites in Cusco makes it a convenient stop for tourists exploring the city.

What does "Coricancha" mean?

The name "Coricancha" comes from the Quechua words "quri" meaning gold and "kancha" meaning enclosure. Together, they translate to "The Golden Enclosure," highlighting the temple's once opulent gold-covered walls and decorations. This name reflects the Inca's reverence for gold, which they believed to be the sweat of the sun, and underscores the temple's significance as a sacred site dedicated to the sun god Inti. The golden walls were not only a display of wealth but also a symbol of the divine presence and power of the sun.

What was the original purpose of Coricancha?

The original purpose of Coricancha, the Inca Sun Temple, was to serve as the primary religious and ceremonial center dedicated to Inti, the sun god. It was a place where priests conducted important rituals and ceremonies to honor Inti and other deities. The temple also played a crucial role in astronomical observations, as it was designed with specific alignments to track celestial events such as solstices and equinoxes. These observations were essential for agricultural planning and religious ceremonies. Additionally, Coricancha housed the mummified remains of past Inca rulers, making it a significant site for ancestor worship.

How do I get to Coricancha?

Coricancha, or the Temple of the Sun Cusco, is located in central Cusco and can be reached by walking, taxi, or public transportation. If you are staying in the historic center, it is a pleasant walk to the site, allowing you to explore the charming streets of Cusco along the way. Taxis are readily available and reasonably priced for those coming from farther away. Public transportation options, such as local buses, can also take you close to Coricancha. Additionally, many guided tours include Coricancha in their itineraries, providing convenient transportation and insightful commentary.

When is the best time to visit Coricancha?

The best time to visit Coricancha is during the dry season, from May to September. During this period, the weather is generally stable and clear, making it ideal for exploring the site and taking photographs. The dry season offers pleasant temperatures during the day, with cooler evenings, creating a comfortable environment for sightseeing. Visiting in the early morning or late afternoon can help you avoid the peak crowds and enjoy better lighting for photography, enhancing the details of the stonework and the surrounding landscape.

What are the opening hours of Coricancha?

The opening hours of Coricancha may vary, so it is best to check the official website or local tourist information centers for the most current hours. Generally, Coricancha is open daily from morning until late afternoon, allowing ample time for visitors to explore the site. It is recommended that you arrive early to make the most of your visit and avoid the midday rush. Some sections of the site may have restricted access during religious ceremonies or special events, so planning ahead is advisable.

Is there an entrance fee for Coricancha?

Yes, there is an entrance fee to visit Coricancha. The general entrance is 20 soles per person. Discounts are often available for students, seniors, and local residents, so be sure to bring appropriate identification if you qualify. Entrance fees contribute to the maintenance and preservation of the site, ensuring that future generations can also appreciate its historical and cultural significance.

Can I take photos inside Coricancha?

Yes, you can take photos inside Coricancha. However, it is important to follow the site's guidelines regarding photography. Flash photography and the use of tripods or other professional equipment may be restricted to protect the integrity of the artifacts and the site. Respectful and mindful photography is encouraged, ensuring that you capture the beauty of the temple without disturbing other visitors or the delicate structures.

Are there guided tours available?

Yes, guided tours of Coricancha are available and highly recommended. These tours provide valuable insights into the temple's history and significance. Knowledgeable guides can share fascinating stories and details that you might miss on a self-guided visit. Tours are offered in multiple languages and can be booked through local tour operators or online. Whether you prefer a group tour or a private guide, there are options to suit different preferences and budgets.

What should I bring when visiting Coricancha?

When visiting Coricancha, it is recommended to bring the following items:

• Comfortable Walking Shoes: The site involves a fair amount of walking, and comfortable shoes will ensure a pleasant experience.
• Sunscreen and a Hat: Cusco's high altitude means you are closer to the sun, making UV protection important even on cloudy days.
• Water Bottle: Staying hydrated is crucial, especially if you are not accustomed to the high altitude.
• Camera: Coricancha offers stunning views and architectural marvels worth capturing.
• Light Jacket or Sweater: The weather in Cusco can change quickly, with warm days and cooler evenings.

What is the significance of Coricancha in Inca culture?

Coricancha was the most important religious site in the Inca Empire, dedicated to Inti, the sun god. It served as a center for worship, astronomical observations, and various ceremonies. The temple's gold-covered walls and sacred artifacts underscored its significance and the Inca's reverence for their deities. Coricancha was also a place where the mummified remains of past Inca rulers were kept, making it a site of ancestor worship and a symbol of continuity and divine authority. The temple's design and alignment with celestial events reflect the Inca's sophisticated understanding of astronomy and their belief in the harmony between the cosmos and their society.

What happened to Coricancha during the Spanish conquest?

During the Spanish conquest in the 16th century, much of Coricancha was destroyed. The Spanish stripped the gold from the temple and melted down the precious artifacts. To symbolize the triumph of Christianity over the Inca religion, the Spanish built the Convent of Santo Domingo on the temple's foundations. Despite the destruction, many of the original Inca stone walls remain intact, showcasing the exceptional skill of Inca builders. The blending of Inca and Spanish architectural elements at the site serves as a poignant reminder of the cultural and historical changes brought by the conquest.

What remains of the original Coricancha today?

Today, visitors can see the original Inca stone walls and foundations of Coricancha. These remnants showcase the Inca's advanced engineering and architectural skills. The Convent of Santo Domingo, built atop the ruins, also integrates elements of the original temple. The site features well-preserved stone structures, intricate carvings, and remnants of the original golden decorations. The museum within Coricancha displays artifacts and provides detailed information about the temple's history, offering a comprehensive understanding of its significance.

How long should I plan to spend at Coricancha?

Plan to spend at least 1-2 hours at Coricancha to fully explore the site, take photos, and learn about its history. If you are taking a guided tour, additional time may be needed to appreciate the insights provided by the guide fully. The time spent at Coricancha can also depend on your interest in Inca history and architecture. For those deeply interested in archaeology and cultural history, allowing extra time to explore the museum and surrounding areas can enhance the experience.

Is Coricancha accessible for people with disabilities?

Coricancha is partially accessible for people with disabilities. While some areas may be difficult to navigate due to uneven terrain and steps, efforts have been made to accommodate visitors with mobility issues. Ramps and handrails are available in certain sections, but not all areas may be fully accessible. It is best to contact the site directly for specific accessibility information and to plan your visit accordingly.